Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity / Comparação de ranibizumab e bevacizumab intravítreos no tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: 36 eyes of 20 patients with type 1 ROP who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injections between August 2011 and February 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Fifteen eyes of 8 patients received 0.25 mg ranibizumab (group 1), and 21 eyes of 12 patients received 0.625 mg bevacizumab (group 2). Eyes were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy on the first day, third day, first week, and first month and as required after injections. Laser photocoagulation was performed in cases with progression of ROP. Results: The mean gestation time was 26.2 ± 2.7 weeks in group 1 patients and 27.1 ± 2.5 weeks in group 2 patients. No statistical difference in the time of gestation was observed between the two groups. The mean follow-up period was 20 ± 4.5 months. Laser photocoagulation was performed in 6 of 15 eyes from group 1 and 2 of 21 eyes from group 2. No eyes developed retinal detachment during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Ranibizumab and bevacizumab showed an efficacy in the treatment of type 1 ROP. The incidence of disease relapse was higher in eyes which received ranibizumab. Further randomized, controlled clinical trials are required to compare the efficacy of ranibizumab and bevacizumab.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia de ranibizumab e bevacizumab intravítreos no tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) tipo 1. Método: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 36 olhos de 20 pacientes com retinopatia da prematuridade tipo 1 que receberam injeções intravítreas anti fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (anti VEGF) entre agosto de 2011 e fevereiro 2013. Quinze olhos de 8 pacientes receberam 0,25 mg ranibizumab (grupo 1) e 21 olhos de 12 pacientes receberam 0,625 mg bevacizumab (grupo 2). Os olhos foram examinados por oftalmoscopia indireta no primeiro dia, terceiro dia, primeira semana, e primeiro mês e conforme necessário após a injeção. Fotocoagulação com laser foi realizada quando foi detectada progressão da retinopatia da prematuridade. Resultados: Média do tempo de gestação para os pacientes do grupo 1 foi de 26,2 ± 2,7 semanas, enquanto para o grupo 2 foi de 27,1 ± 2,5 semanas. Não houve diferença estatística em relação ao tempo de gestação entre os grupos. A média de acompanhamento foi de 20 ± 4,5 meses. Fotocoagulação a laser foi realizada a 6 dos 15 olhos do grupo 1 e 2 dos 21 olhos do grupo 2. Nenhum dos olhos desenvolveu descolamento de retina no período de acompanhamento. Conclusão: O ranibizumab e bevacizumab são eficazes no tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade tipo 1. Incidência de progressão foi maior nos olhos que receberam ranibizumab. Ensaios clínicos controlados futuros são necessários para comparar esses dois medicamentos.

Anatomical and visual outcomes of ranibizumab injections in retinal pigment epithelium tears / Resultados anatômicos e visuais de injeções de ranibizumab em roturas do epitélio pigmentado da retina

ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the anatomical and visual results in patients diagnosed as having retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears after receiving ranibizumab injections. Methods: Eyes diagnosed as having RPE tears with a minimum 6-month follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Each eye was treated with at least three doses of ranibizumab at monthly intervals. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment findings, intraocular pressure, and fundus examination results were evaluated during control visits. Color fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiographies, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were obtained. The height of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) was measured by SD-OCT. Results: Twelve eyes with RPE tears were studied. Nine eyes (75%) developed RPE tears during ranibizumab injections for choroidal neovascularization (eight eyes with vascularized PED and one eye with choroidal osteoma), and tears occurred in three eyes before any injections. The median number of ranibizumab injections after diagnosis of RPE tears was 3 (min 2, max 5). In the most recent follow-up visit, there was no statistically significant correlation between the grade of RPE and logMAR of BCVA (p>0.05, r=0.112). Eight of twelve eyes had PED, and seven of these had irregular PED contours before injection therapy. The mean PED height was 447 ± 122 µm. Conclusions: In this series, RPE tears developed mostly after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for vascularized PED. Increased vertical height and irregular contours of the PEDs can be risk factors for the formation of RPE tears. The continuation of anti-VEGF therapy after tear formation is beneficial for vision improvement in eyes with RPE tears. .

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados anatômicos e visuais de injeções de ranibizumab em pacientes que foram diagnosticados com roturas do epitélio pigmentado da retina (RPE). Métodos: Olhos com um mínimo de seis meses de acompanhamento após diagnóstico de roturas do RPE foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Cada olho foi tratado com, pelo menos, três doses de ranibizumab em intervalos mensais. Acuidade visual com a melhor correção (BCVA), achados do segmento anterior, pressão intraocular e exames de fundo de olho foram avaliados nas visitas de controle. Retinografia colorida, angiografias fluoresceínicas, autofluorescência de polo posterior e tomografia de coerência óptica imagens de domínio espectral (SD-OCT) foram obtidos. A altura do descolamento do epitélio pigmentado (PED) foi medida com SD-OCT. Resultados: Doze olhos com roturas do epitélio pigmentado da retina foram incluídos no estudo. Nove olhos (75%) desenvolveram roturas do epitélio pigmentado da retina durante as injeções ranibizumab para neovascularização de coroide (oito olhos com descolamento do epitélio pigmentado vascularizado e um olho com osteoma de coroide), a rotura ocorreu em três olhos antes de quaisquer injeções. A mediana do número de injeções de ranibizumab após o diagnóstico da rotura do RPE foi de 3 (mínimo 2, máximo 5). Na visita de acompanhamento mais recente, não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre o grau de RPE e logMAR de BCVA (p>0,05, r=0,112). Oito dos doze olhos tinham descolamento do epitélio pigmentado, desses, 7 olhos tinham PEDs com contornos irregulares antes da injeção. A altura média do PED foi 447 ± 122 µm. Conclusões: Nesta série, as roturas de epitélio pigmentado da retina aconteceram principalmente após a injeção intravítrea anti-VEGF para descolamento do epitélio pigmentado vascularizado. O aumento da altura vertical e contornos irregulares dos PEDs podem ser considerados fatores de risco para a formação da rotura ...

Corneal endothelium after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus: A four-year comparative study.

Purpose: To compare the status of corneal endothelium and central corneal thickness within the first four postoperative years after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with keratoconus. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine eyes (Group A) which had PK and 44 eyes (Group B) which had DALK for the treatment of keratoconus were included in this retrospective study. The endothelial cell density (ECD), the mean endothelial cell area and the coefficient of variation of cell area were assessed with a non-contact specular microscope, and the central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured with an ultrasound pachymeter. Results: Mean ECD loss rate at two years was 36.24% in Group A and 18.12% in Group B (P<0.001). Mean ECD loss rate at four years was 47.82% in Group A and 21.62% in Group B (P<0.001). Mean annual ECD loss rate was calculated 14.12% per year in Group A and 5.78% per year in Group B. In the PK group, increase in mean CCT was 15.60% in two years and 15.03% in four years, while in the DALK group, mean CCT increased by 8.05% in two years and 9.31% in four years. Conclusions: As the majority of ectatic disorders such as keratoconus occur in young people, long-term endothelial cell survival following treatment with keratoplasty is essential for the long-term visual ability. Our finding that corneal endothelial cell loss in the DALK group occurs at a slower rate than in the PK group suggests DALK as a safer alternative to PK in these selected patients.

Foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens implantation for the correction of myopia: Two years of follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and potential risks of Artiflex foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation for the management of myopia. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight eyes of 40 consecutive patients with a mean spherical refraction of –11.70 ± 3.77 diopters (D; range –5.50 to –17.5 D) were included in this prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Main parameters assessed were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), corneal topography (Orbscan II, BauchandLomb, Rochester, NY, USA), manifest and cycloplegic refractive errors, endothelial cell density (ECD) and applanation tonometry. Results: After 2 years, BSCVA was 20/40 or better in 82% of the eyes and UCVA was 20/40 or better in 84% of the eyes. After 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years, 51.3% (37 of 72 eyes), 58.9% (46 of 78 eyes) and 76.0% (38 of 50 eyes) of eyes gained 1 line or more of BSCVA, respectively. Compared to preoperative values, the mean endothelial cell loss was 2.6% at 1 month, 4.9% at 1 year and 7.4% at 2 years. Pigmented or non-pigmented precipitates were observed in17 eyes (21.7%) which were treated with topical corticosteroids. At the second postoperative year, pigmented precipitates persisted in nine eyes. However, this was not associated with a loss of BSCVA. Conclusion: The implantation of Artiflex pIOL is an effective surgical option for the management of high myopia. The most common complication observed within 2 years of follow-up was accumulation of pigmented precipitates with no effect on the final BSCVA.

Intraocular lens exchange through a 3.2-mm corneal incision for opacified intraocular lenses.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate visual and refractive results and complications of intraocular lens (IOL) exchange through a 3.2 mm corneal incision for opacified IOLs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study comprised 33 eyes of 32 patients with IOL opacification requiring an IOL exchange between July 2003 and March 2007. Exchange surgery was performed through a 3.2-mm temporal clear corneal incision followed by implantation of a new foldable hydrophobic IOL. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), topographical astigmatism, and refractive cylinder were evaluated. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was calculated and complications were recorded. Results: Opacification was observed in 25 eyes (76%) with Aqua-Sense, 3 eyes (9%) with Hydroview, 3 eyes (9%) with MemoryLens IOLs, and 2 eyes (6%) with DgR. The mean follow-up period was 36.54 months. An uneventful IOL exchange was achieved in 18 eyes (55%). Zonular dehiscence occurred in 9 eyes (27%), and posterior capsule tear developed in 4 eyes (12%). The mean preoperative BSCVA (mean ± standard deviation, decimal scale) was 0.13 ± 0.08 (mean: 20/150, range 20/2000 to 20/60) and improved to 0.63 ± 0.18 (mean: 20/32, range 20/60 to 20/20, P < 0.001). The mean SIA was 0.70 D. Seven eyes (21%) had 0.5 D or lower SIA. Conclusion: IOL exchange is a technically challenging procedure with potential risks of reversing the advantages of a prior small-incision cataract surgery. The use of a small corneal incision for IOL exchange could preserve the advantages of modern phacoemulsification surgery with acceptable SIA related to the procedure.